The progression of robotics will largely depend upon related industries: the science of materials and advances in computer technology. Analysts have identified the principle trends in the industry for an additional 5yrs.
People usually overestimate the impact from the latest technology in the future and underestimate its impact in the long term.
But this doesn't negate the fact the expert community, their state and business require a roadmap for that growth and development of innovative industries sometime soon.
The authors in the annual survey with the home and industrial robots market discussed with experts the basic trends in this field and in the report for 2021 presented 11 areas that within the next five-years will have the highest influence on the growth and development of robotics on the planet.
1. New materials
Even as we look at the simplest industrial manipulators, in 2019 there are about 3.5 thousand people per robot, which ratio is unlikely to develop without radical alterations in the science of materials where robotics is produced, the authors of the review are sure. They pay special attention to two promising materials:
gallium nitride (GaN), which may successfully replace silicon for transistor manufacturing;
graphene, a super-thin and super-strong material that you'll be able to produce actuators for robots, new batteries and much more.
2. New reasons for energy, technologies for its collection and storage
Considering how much heat generated with the combustion of gasoline and the human requirement of energy, you can easily calculate that if individuals were eating gasoline, they will merely have 150 g of fuel each day. In turn, electric motors are now even less power efficient than an enclosed combustion engine. In order for robots in order to contend with humans of their capabilities, breakthrough technologies are needed of their energy supply.
For example, this is actually the improvement of current lithium batteries, the creation of new batteries depending on hydrogen, and so forth. Also, we must keep in mind about alternative, alternative energy sources. Finally, a technology may be carried out recharge the robot remotely, as an example, from sources of energy constructed into the ground or walls.
3. Interaction of groups of robots and people
These are unmanned traffic management systems. To avoid accidents and accidents, transport robots should have a channel of communication both with humans and with the other.
4. Navigation in extreme conditions
Robots must understand what these are doing and where these are moving not only under normal human conditions, and also where people just cannot make it: by way of example, in high altitude climates or about the seabed.
In addition, situations can not be excluded when the robot will continue to be completely without communication (for example, underground or even in case of the satellite breakdown). In this case, it is important to develop a fully autonomous navigation system for unmanned devices. Similar developments already exist both abroad and in Russia.
5. Machine learning
The growth and development of artificial intelligence is important to create truly useful and "smart" robots. Over the next several years, Sberbank analysts identify four fundamental vectors of development in this field:
enhancing the efficiency of utilizing neural networks by looking into making their architecture more advanced or reducing power consumption;
teaching algorithmic procedures instead of hard programming, that may simplify and, therefore, speed up the process of acquiring skills with the machine;
mass adoption of cloud services for machine learning;
improvement of motional actions of robots thanks to artificial intelligence technologies.
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6. Human-machine interaction
The robot economy, like all other innovative technologies, is about increasing productivity. That is, automation is just not a finish in itself, but an instrument to increase economic efficiency. The authors in the review tend to believe the most effective result will probably be shown not by replacing people who have robots, but by their cooperation. According to find , the interaction of robots and humans will develop in four main areas:
a robot as an instrument that repeats human capabilities (for instance, exoskeletons and prostheses);
robot as a power tool that expands human capabilities;
an avatar robot, that is, a piece of equipment remotely controlled with a person in hard-to-reach places;
social interaction which has a person, like voice assistants and chat bots.
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7. Manipulation robotics
The authors of the Sberbank report think that in the next five-years we have been unlikely to determine a breakthrough in hardware technologies for robots ("hardware"), however the progression of software will increase the capabilities and lower the costs of manipulation technology.
First of, we're referring to improving the feedback of sensors. Robot, grabbing an object, can have to inform the operator in detail about its weight, dimensions, compression force, etc. Also, new computer technologies could make it possible to program more complicated trajectories of motion of manipulators.
8. Sensorics
One from the definitions from the concept of "robot", that this analysts of Sberbank adhere to, says that it is a product which is capable to perceive the globe around it by making use of sensors, process the signals received like this and react accordingly. Reducing the cost, simplifying and helping the capabilities of sensorics is one from the key trends inside continuing development of robotics within the long term.
9. Robosimulators
Large numbers of data are essential to practice robots. To receive them, it just isn't necessary to develop a model of the robot - sometimes it can be economically unprofitable, sometimes even dangerous for someone. Therefore, the volume of advance of computer simulators of the robot will simply increase with the expansion of automation.
10. New drive
Fundamentally, the principles of creating drive mechanisms are unlikely to improve, but even here the authors with the review discover a field for innovation. In addition to the new super-strong materials specified inside first paragraph, these may be new motors and gearboxes.
11. Design and production
Again, this really is primarily about software innovation. Libraries of electronic components, high-quality digital diaries, virtual reality tools can simplify the item design process.
At the production stage, the progress of robotics will likely be stimulated by the emergence of recent materials, their decline in price, plus the progression of 3D printing. It also requires optimization of software, that can make it easier and faster to produce new machines.
11 Robot Development Trends
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